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State and Local Government
"I think it does an excellent job writing about current events in a manner that is accessible to students.I also like that it covers a wide range of topics." —Christopher Clark, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Featuring a new collection of compelling readings from respected sources, State and Local Government hits all the crucial marks for your political science course.Year after year, these highly readable and up-to-date articles cover the significant issues.The 2018–2019 Edition covers topics such as the increasing ideological conflicts between state and federal governments and between state and local governments; voter ID laws; the continuing financial struggles of local governments; and K–12 and higher education reforms.With the context and currency you have come to expect as hallmarks of Kevin B.Smith's reader, this edition brings timely and sharp analysis into your state and local government classroom.
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Soviet State Security Services 1917–46
The Bolsheviks’ seizure of power in Russia in late 1917 was swiftly followed by the establishment of the Cheka, the secret police of the new Soviet state.The Cheka was central to the Bolsheviks’ elimination of political dissent during the Russian Civil War (1917–22).In 1922 the Soviet state-security organs became the GPU and then the OGPU (1923–34) before coalescing into the NKVD.After it played a central role in the Great Terror (1936–38), which saw the widespread repression of many different groups and the imprisonment and execution of prominent figures, the NKVD had its heyday during the Great Patriotic War (1941–45).During the conflict the organization deployed full military divisions, frontier troop units and internal security forces and ran the hated GULAG forced-labour camp system.By 1946, the power of the NKVD was so great that even Stalin saw it as a threat and it was broken up into multiple organizations, notably the MVD and the MGB – the forerunners of the KGB.In this book, the history and organization of these feared organizations are assessed, accompanied by photographs and colour artwork depicting their evolving appearance.
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In a Bad State : Responding to State and Local Budget Crises
An authoritative review of the long history of federal responses to state and local budget crises, from Alexander Hamilton through the COVID-19 pandemic, that reveals what is at stake when a state or city can't pay its debts and provides policy solutions to an intractable American problem. What should the federal government do if a state like Illinois or a city like Chicago can't pay its debts?From Alexander Hamilton's plan to assume state debts to Congress's efforts to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, many of the most important political disputes in American history have involved federal government responses to state or local fiscal crises. In a Bad State provides the first comprehensive historical and theoretical analysis of how the federal government has addressed subnational debt crises.Tracing the long history of state and local borrowing, David Schleicher argues that federal officials want to achieve three things when a state or city nears default: prevent macroeconomic distress, encourage lending to states and cities to build infrastructure, and avoid creating incentives for reckless future state budgeting.But whether they demand state austerity, permit state defaults, or provide bailouts-and all have been tried-federal officials can only achieve two of these three goals, at best.Rather than imagining that there is a single easy federal solution, Schleicher suggests some ways the federal government could ameliorate the problem by conditioning federal aid on future state fiscal responsibility, spreading losses across governments and interests, and building resilience against crises into federal spending and tax policy.Authoritative and accessible, In a Bad State offers a guide to understanding the pressing fiscal problems that local, state, and federal officials face, and to the policy options they possess for responding to crises.
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Contesting Water Rights : Local, State, and Global Struggles
As globalization processes and related neoliberal agendas promote privatization through state action, people’s struggles for rights to water have intensified.In this context, this book examines the role of the ambivalent state in local struggles for water, which are deeply intertwined with global forums that support and/or challenge the privatization of water resources.These local-global struggles have redefined the relationships between the state, corporations, and other social actors that impact the local politics of inequality and marginalization.
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Are the emergency services state-run?
Yes, emergency services are typically state-run in most countries. This means that they are funded and operated by the government at the state or national level. State-run emergency services ensure that there is a coordinated and efficient response to emergencies such as medical emergencies, fires, and natural disasters. This centralized approach helps to ensure that resources are allocated effectively and that help is provided quickly to those in need.
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Which federal state has the most industrial companies?
The federal state with the most industrial companies in the United States is California. California is home to a diverse range of industries, including technology, entertainment, aerospace, and manufacturing. The state's large population and strong economy have contributed to its status as a hub for industrial companies. Additionally, California's strategic location on the West Coast and access to international markets have further supported the growth of its industrial sector.
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What is the difference between local and state administration?
Local administration refers to the management and governance of a specific city, town, or county, while state administration involves overseeing the entire state government. Local administration focuses on issues and services that directly impact the local community, such as public safety, education, and infrastructure. State administration, on the other hand, deals with broader issues that affect the entire state, such as healthcare, transportation, and economic development. Additionally, local administration is typically more decentralized and responsive to local needs, while state administration sets policies and regulations that apply statewide.
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What is the difference between state and local administration?
State administration refers to the governing body that oversees an entire state, while local administration refers to the governing body that oversees a specific locality within that state, such as a city or county. State administration typically deals with broader issues that affect the entire state, while local administration focuses on more specific issues that affect a particular community. State administration often sets policies and regulations that local administrations must follow, while local administrations are responsible for implementing and enforcing those policies at the local level.
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Power, Patronage, and the Local State in Ghana
How have the waves of democracy and decentralization that swept the developing world in recent decades affected states—among the most important drivers of poverty and prosperity—at national and local levels in Ghana and beyond?State actors beneath the national level—what Barry Driscoll calls the local state—have considerable responsibility for carrying out state functions, but they are also forced to compete for these local state offices.How does a local state actually work in poor twentieth-century countries?This book offers a descriptive account, as well as a causal explanation, of how political competition affects the local state in Ghana.Driscoll shows how closely fought elections drive local state institutions to provide patronage.The source of these demands for patronage comes not from rent-seeking bureaucrats or landed elites but from the government’s own party volunteers.Driscoll explains how electoral competition affects how local state actors are insulated from such patronage demands. Moreover, these highly competitive, patronage-providing local governments actually have relatively better-qualified senior civil servants at their disposal.Driscoll makes sense of this paradox by introducing the logic of building administrative capacity in order to provide patronage.He then abstracts from the case of Ghana to generalize about how the effect of political competition is shaped by the locally salient variety of clientelism, which in turn is conditioned by the strength of the party system.The book draws on fourteen months of fieldwork in six of Ghana’s districts, far from the nation’s capital city.Ethnographic and interview data come from time spent with market traders, tax collectors, politicians, and other figures in local state offices.Quantitative data come from a survey covering almost all local governments.The result is a detailed account of Ghana’s local state power dynamics that has relevant implications for states across the developing world.
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New Hampshire Register And Political Manual For The Year 1870; Containing A Business Directory Of The State
New Hampshire Register And Political Manual For The Year 1870; Containing A Business Directory Of The State has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature.This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations.So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published.Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature.
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Activating China : Local Actors, Foreign Influence, and State Response
This book examines the effects of the transnational social and environmental advocacy of foreign NGOs in China.Based on three case studies, including China’s first participatory development project, its first successful case of transnational anti-dam activism, and its first national park project, the book challenges our typical understanding that global forces shape local outcomes.Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in China and archival work in the United States, Matsuzawa sheds light on the entrepreneurial behaviors of Chinese activists, researchers, and government officials.She shows that global projects are often substantially transformed by local actors, despite the original intentions of their foreign collaborators and even China’s central government.Thus, it is argued that foreign NGOs are not as hegemonic or culturally imperialistic as is commonly viewed.Matsuzawa reveals that their goals may change profoundly as a result of their engagements with local actors on the ground.She offers a new theory of transnational advocacy together with an account of the Chinese party-state’s rising concerns over the influence of foreign NGOs.Activating China will be of interest to sociologists and political scientists working in the fields of social movement studies and activism in China.
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Negotiating Public Services in the Congo : State, Society and Governance
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been widely derided as a failed state, unable to meet the basic needs of its citizens.But while state infrastructure continues to decay, many essential services continue to be provided at the local level, often through grassroots initiatives.So while, for example, state funding for education is almost non-existent, average school enrolment remains well above average for Sub-Saharan Africa. This book addresses this paradox, bringing together key scholars working on public services in the DRC to elucidate the evolving nature of governance in developing countries.Its contributions encompass a wide range of public services, including education, justice, transport, and health.Taking stock of what functions and why, it contributes to the debate on public services in the context of ‘real’ or ‘hybrid’ governance beyond the state: does the state still have a function, or is it no longer useful and relevant?Crucially, how does international aid help or complicate this picture?Rich in empirical detail, the contributors provide a valuable work for students and scholars interested in the role played by non-state actors in organizing statehood – a role too often neglected in debates on post-conflict reconstruction.
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What is the difference between state and local government administration?
State government administration refers to the management and governance of an entire state, overseeing issues that affect the entire state population. Local government administration, on the other hand, focuses on managing and governing specific cities, towns, or counties within a state. Local governments are responsible for addressing issues that are more localized and directly impact residents within their jurisdiction, such as local infrastructure, public safety, and zoning regulations. State governments typically have broader authority and resources compared to local governments, which have more limited jurisdiction and resources.
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What is elected in state parliament elections and local elections?
In state parliament elections, representatives are elected to serve in the state legislature. These representatives are responsible for making laws and policies that affect the state. In local elections, officials such as mayors, city council members, and other local government positions are elected to represent and govern specific cities or regions within the state. These officials are responsible for making decisions that impact the local community, such as managing budgets, overseeing public services, and addressing local issues.
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Can the state decide on the production and pricing of goods in companies run by state officials?
No, the state should not have the authority to decide on the production and pricing of goods in companies run by state officials. This would create a conflict of interest and could lead to corruption and unfair advantages for those in power. It is important for companies, even if state-owned, to operate in a competitive market where prices and production decisions are based on market forces and consumer demand. This ensures efficiency, fairness, and accountability in the economy.
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What is the difference between the state and neoliberal companies?
The state refers to the government and its institutions that have the authority to make and enforce laws and regulations within a specific territory. Neoliberal companies, on the other hand, are private businesses that operate within a free market economy and prioritize individual economic freedom and minimal government intervention. The state is responsible for governing and providing public services, while neoliberal companies focus on maximizing profits and minimizing government regulation. The state has a broader mandate to serve the public interest, while neoliberal companies primarily serve their own economic interests.
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